Measurement error in the observed values of the variables can greatly change the output of various causal discovery methods. This problem has received much attention in multiple fields, but it is not clear to what extent the causal model for the measurement-error-free variables can be identified in the presence of measurement error with unknown variance. In this paper, we study precise sufficie...

In this lecture we discuss how to derandomize algorithms. We will see a brute force algorithm (enumeration) for derandomization. We will also see that some random algorithms do not need true randomness. Specifically, we will see an example where only pairwise random bits are needed. Next, we will see how we can generate pairwise random values and how this conservation on the amount of randomnes...

1 Last two lectures ¯ probability spaces ¯ probability measure ¯ random variables and stochastic processes ¯ distribution functions ¯ independence ¯ conditional probability ¯ memoriless property of geometric and exponential distributions ¯ expectation ¯ conditional expectation (double expectation) ¯ mean-square estimation 1

In this paper we investigate the notion of conditional independence and prove several information inequalities for conditionally independent random variables. Keywords— Conditionally independent random variables, common information, rate region.